94

Bioinformatics of the Brain

radiotherapy on the mortality due to GBM. Thus, a platform to investigate

the efficiency of any therapy has utmost importance to determine the course

of the treatment. Various 3D systems are applied as models in the analysis of

radiation dosage and resistance mechanisms for tumors [168, 216]. In order to

achieve this goal, McMillan et al. investigated the effect of radiation dosage

on UWV spheroid setting and concluded that 8 Gy dose sufficiently impaired

tumor growth and size both in large and small spheroids compared to 4 Gy

dose. Size is not the only limiting factor, as quiescent tumor cells within the

population alter the potency of irradiation-induced toxicity on tumors. As

reported, dormant UWV spheroids were more aggressive and resistant to ra-

diation probably due to their ability to respond fast to repair DNA damage

compared nutrient rich ones [168].

3.4.5

Biobanking

Biobanking is another area of interest for GBM models as it serves as a source

of biological material and related medical data with systematic information.

This collection of samples and other data have been stored to create patient-

like models in personalized medicine, to model diseases, to obtain omics data

for various conditions and other applications in information technologies to

revolutionize current translational oncology [217, 218]. Frozen GBM tissue,

formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded block of GBM tissue [217, 219], single

cell lines from tumors [220] or patient-derived organoid biobanks [156, 157]

are developed for GBM biobanking during research and as a component of

national clinical database. Single cell and tissue biobanking are desirable, as

they provide comparable profile with public datasets, and they can be used as

drug test platforms for screening and designing effective treatment methods

for personalized medicine [220–222].

3.5

Concluding Remarks

Uncontrolled growth of cells with diverse genotypic and phenotypic collection

in the CNS has been one of the deadliest cases for patient survival. So far,

many research has been directed to improve the prognosis of GBM patients

and, to achieve success in clinics, well-suited in vitro models have been recog-

nized as necessity to develop various treatment strategies. During this process,

tumor biology has been dissected and critical role of both soluble factors and

ECM and, tumor residing and infiltrating cells were delineated. This led to

acknowledgement of the potential models with dimensional, cellular, physical,

and chemical differences to lessen the gap between in vitro and in vivo. Today,

these systems have been investigated in a wide array of applications including

the discovery of different treatments, possibility of personalized medicine, to